http://www.rohomanmohammed.com/index.htmlStay in the Loop!enallanmohammed@gmail.comCopyright 2010 Allan Mohammed2012-12-23T16:03:39-05:00 hourly 1 2000-01-01T12:00+00:00 Thu, 2 Sep 2010 14:15:09 -0400allanmohammed@gmail.comReal EstateCivil Litigation2012-12-23T16:03:39-05:00http://www.rohomanmohammed.com/blog/files/ontario%20construction%20lien%20act.html#unique-entry-id-11http://www.rohomanmohammed.com/blog/files/ontario%20construction%20lien%20act.html#unique-entry-id-11Individuals who choose to construct their own homes as the “builder” should be aware of the special obligations created by Ontario’s Construction Lien Act.

The Construction Lien Act is legislation that helps to ensure that contractors, subcontractors and workers are paid for the labour and materials supplied in the course of construction and building projects.

Generally, contractors who do not receive payment for their work have 45 days to register a lien against the property. They are then required to initiate a proceeding in court to sustain the lien.

If a contractor hired by a builder invokes the Construction Lien Act, both sides would be required to file pleadings (Statements of Claim and Defence) and attend a mediation/settlement conference. If no resolution is forthcoming, a judge will decide the merits of the claim.

If a Construction Lien Act matter arises, progress advances under a construction mortgage will likely come to a halt until the matter is resolved. This can delay a home construction project if a builder does not otherwise have access to funds to complete the work.

The Construction Lien Act also imposes other obligations on property owners. For example, the Act requires that a percentage of project funds be held back until subcontractors are paid and requires that project funds not be diverted for other purposes (i.e. another construction project).

The Construction Lien Act sometimes comes into play when a builder and contractor have a dispute over the quality of materials or workmanship. A builder who is not satisfied with the quality of materials or workmanship is faced with the prospect of significantly delaying their project if the contractor is not paid in accordance with the construction contract. Despite the protection afforded to contractors in the Construction Lien Act, contractors are required to carry out work using appropriate materials and workmanship.

Time-consuming and costly Construction Lien Act litigation can be averted by ensuring that the builder and contractor execute clear and unambiguous construction contracts which provide for alternative dispute resolution in the event of a disagreement between the builder and contractor.

In considering the construction of a new home, builders must be aware that construction contracts are a special breed of contract because of the implications of the Construction Lien Act.
]]>allanmohammed@gmail.comReal Estate2010-12-18T20:42:22-05:00http://www.rohomanmohammed.com/blog/files/f1a32529dcc35c4f3486e12fe1eb1738-10.html#unique-entry-id-10http://www.rohomanmohammed.com/blog/files/f1a32529dcc35c4f3486e12fe1eb1738-10.html#unique-entry-id-10Can an owner or tenant of a condominium unit have a pet?

It depends.

To find out whether pets are allowed, check out whether the condo has any rules prohibiting pets or restricting pet size.  You can refer to the Declaration, Rules or Bylaws of the condo corporation for this information. Prohibitions and restrictions placed on pets by a condo corporation are generally valid (in contrast to bans in apartment buildings). See, for example, this case.

Restrictions usually address the types of pets allowed and size (especially for dogs), as well as the use of leashes, faeces and noise.

Even if your building is "pet friendly" (allows pets) it’s unlikely that you’d be able to keep a pet for long if it creates too much of a disturbance for other occupants. In many cases, the Declaration, Rules and Bylaws in a pet friendly condo will address pets that create a nuisance. For example, the rules might say something like this:

"No owner or occupant of any residential unit shall maintain, keep or shelter any animal, livestock or fowl therein other than a household pet as herein defined For the purpose of this restriction upon the use and occupation of residential units, the term “household pet” shall mean a caged bird, aquarium fish, one (1) domestic cat or one (1) dog not exceeding forty (40) pounds in weight with the sole exception of a guide dog within the meaning of the Blind Person's Rights Act (Ontario) which guide dog may exceed such weight limit, and unless any such household pet becomes a nuisance and causes unreasonable interference with the use and enjoyment by owners of other residential units and the common elements, in which event the Corporation may require the pet owner to permanently remove such pet from the property upon two (2) weeks written notice." (emphasis added)

Put simply, pet owners should refer to the Declaration, Rules and Bylaws to determine whether pets are allows. If you’re a tenant, your landlord would probably have a copy of these documents, or you can get them from the property management office.

What do I do if another occupant’s pet is disturbing me?

If the owner isn’t cooperative, keep detailed notes of any disturbances from the pet. If the condo has a security guard, have them record incidents of excessive noise, etc.

Refer to the Declaration, Rules and Bylaws to find out if pets are allowed or whether there are any restrictions. If pets aren’t allowed, you’ll have a pretty clear case. Even if pets are allowed, the fact that the pet is disturbing your quiet enjoyment of your unit could be cause for action.

The condo’s Board of Directors is responsible for upholding the Declaration, Rules and Bylaws. Find out who sits on the Board and take your complaint to them and the property manager (or have your landlord do so if you’re a tenant). Try getting in touch with the occupants who live above or beside the pet owner and work together with them.

If you have problems with the Board, you will probably have to push back to have them enforce the rules. Again, the Board is responsible for upholding the condo's rules so check the Declaration, Rules and Bylaws first.

It’s also worth noting that the Board might have created rules prohibiting or restricting pets at a certain point in time and that any pets that lived in the building prior to the rule change could have been allowed to stay.

If you’re a tenant, another avenue for addressing noisy pets would be your lease. You're paying rent and are entitled to quiet enjoyment of your unit. Speak to a tenant rights organization to find out what you can do. 

The City of Toronto also has a municipal bylaw regarding noise that you might want to consult in addition to the above options.

Please contact us for more information.

]]>allanmohammed@gmail.comReal EstateCivil Litigation2010-11-18T19:45:30-05:00http://www.rohomanmohammed.com/blog/files/83b106760f5682e112c4f826ee676fc7-7.html#unique-entry-id-7http://www.rohomanmohammed.com/blog/files/83b106760f5682e112c4f826ee676fc7-7.html#unique-entry-id-7
Sometimes a buyer is unable to complete the purchase of a property after signing the Agreement of Purchase and Sale.

Since the Agreement of Purchase and Sale is a legally binding contract there are a number of possible considerations that a buyer should consider in these circumstances.

The Deposit

The Agreement of Purchase and Sale may directly address what happens to the deposit if the buyer defaults. If the Agreement of Purchase and Sale does not address this issue, a court will likely find that the seller is within his or her right to keep the deposit amount.

Damages

If the matter went to court, the buyer who backed out of a deal after signing the Agreement of Purchase and Sale could be required to compensate the seller for expenses that he or she incurred because of the buyer backing out of the deal.

This could include the costs of having to put the property back on the market, moving expense and other immediate expenses that the seller incurred because of the buyer’s default.

The buyer could also be liable for a host of other expenses incurred by the seller. For example, if the seller agreed to buy another property on the basis of having sold his or her existing home, the defaulting buyer may be liable for the deposit amount and any other expenses incurred as a result of the seller having to back out of this subsequent purchase.

Although a court is unlikely to order the buyer to complete the transaction (compel the buyer to purchase the house), a defaulting buyer could have to pay the seller thousands of dollars if, for example, the seller is unable to find a buyer and is forced to sell the house at a lower price.

Conclusion

The Agreement of Purchase and Sale is a legally binding contract and a buyer should only make an offer to purchase if they are certain about their ability to close the deal.



]]>allanmohammed@gmail.comLabour and EmploymentHuman Rights2010-11-13T12:21:33-05:00http://www.rohomanmohammed.com/blog/files/167f7ef067dbad2e3da37eac437b15cc-6.html#unique-entry-id-6http://www.rohomanmohammed.com/blog/files/167f7ef067dbad2e3da37eac437b15cc-6.html#unique-entry-id-6
Having a criminal record can significantly hurt your ability to work in a given position.

What is a Criminal Record?

When an individual is convicted of a criminal offence, it is recorded in a “criminal record”. The record is stored in a RCMP database called the Canadian Police Information Centre (CPIC) and is accessible to law enforcement agencies in Canada and border security officials in Canada and other countries.

In addition to the information stored in the CPIC, local police forces usually maintain their own databases that contain information about pending charges, charges that resulted in an acquittal, an investigation involving you, your involvement as a witness, complaints against an individual by others (including complaints about domestic abuse) and notes about any contact you might have had with the police. The information in a local police force database depends on what information the particular force records, which varies by police force.

What is a Criminal Record Check?

A criminal record check (also known as police records check, police background check, criminal background check, criminal reference check, etc.) produces a report from police databases. As one might expect, the information in a criminal record check would include information about the individual’s criminal record from the CPIC (criminal convictions). However, since criminal record checks are performed through a local police force (such as the Toronto Police Service) a police background check may also include a wide range of additional information from the database of the local police force. Whether the police force provides information in addition to criminal convictions depends on the policies and practices of the force itself and whether disclosure is required by law (necessary for some professions, described below).

Criminal Record Checks and Employment

An employer cannot have a criminal record check performed without your consent. Many employers ask that prospective employees and volunteers consent to a criminal record check. In some industries, having a check performed prior to employment is actually required be law. These occupations include government employees, teachers, police officers, nuclear power plant employees, nurses, bank employees, financial advisors, couriers, security guards, casino employees, taxi or limousine drivers, collection agency employees, funeral directors and truck drivers.

Typically, a criminal record check is performed after a job candidate is deemed otherwise qualified. An offer of employment is made on the condition that result of the criminal record check does not render them unsuitable. Applicants may refuse to consent to a criminal background check, however the hiring organization would be within its right to withdraw the offer of employment.

An employer may use the record of an applicant’s prior criminal offence to refuse to hire him or her. However, according to the Ontario Human Rights Code, an employer may not make a hiring decision on the basis of a pardoned criminal offence or a provincial offence (traffic ticket or municipal bylaw offence). As discussed above, criminal background checks may include information about any contact with police.

In addition to pardoned criminal offences and provincial offences, a person with a mental illness may come into contact with the police under provisions of the Mental Health Act. If revealed by a criminal background check, this information cannot be used by an employer to make a hiring decision. To do so would be contrary to the Ontario Human Rights Code’s prohibition on discrimination on the basis of disability.

How else can a Criminal Record Hurt Me?

A criminal record may seriously jeopardize an application for Canadian citizenship, entrance to a regulated profession (dentistry, medicine, accounting, law, etc.) or international travel.

Obtaining a Pardon

Once you are convicted of a criminal offence, a record will permanently appear in the CPIC, unless you obtain a pardon. Pardons fall under the jurisdiction of the Parole Board of Canada.

If convicted of a summary offence (less serious crime) other than a sexual offence, you can apply for a pardon three (3) years after serving the sentence (including probation). So long as certain conditions are met, a pardon will usually be granted.

If convicted of an indictable offence (more serious crime) or a summary sexual offence, you must wait for five (5) years after serving the sentence (including probation) to apply for a pardon.

If convicted of a personal injury offence where a sentence of two or more years was imposed or an indictable sexual offence, you must wait for ten (10) years after serving the sentence (including probation) to apply for a pardon.

After applying for a pardon, it may take months or years before a decisions is reached. An application for a pardon may be denied as the decision to grant a pardon is ultimately the discretion of the Parole Board of Canada. If a pardon is granted, the criminal record is not destroyed. Instead, it is kept separate from the records of non-pardoned criminal convictions. Once granted, a pardon may cease to have effect if, for example, the individual is subsequently convicted of an indictable offence.

You do not need to apply for a pardon if you have received an absolute or conditional discharge after July 24, 1992. A discharge occurs when there is a finding of guilt by the court, but the accused is deemed not to have been convicted. A conditional discharge will be automatically removed from CPIC three years after the court decision, while an absolute discharge will be automatically removed after one year.

Enhanced Criminal Background Checks

Employers who hire workers to work with vulnerable members of society (children, seniors, mentally disabled, etc.) may perform criminal background checks which show sexual offences, including sexual offences that have been pardoned. Enhanced checks are meant to provide the highest level of protection to vulnerable people.

Other Precautions

When travelling with a criminal conviction that has not been pardoned, it is possible for the border services officers of other countries to make records of the conviction and retain these records on their databases even after a pardon is granted by the Parole Board of Canada.

Keep in mind that a pardon only applies to the information in the CPIC database and that the information in a local police force database will not be removed by a pardon.

For additional information on obtaining a pardon, hiring practices or criminal records, please contact us.



]]>allanmohammed@gmail.comMarketing and AdvertisingStarting a PracticeTechnology2010-10-26T18:52:33-04:00http://www.rohomanmohammed.com/blog/files/3b650f6d3461b983d9f290aac96e3f9b-5.html#unique-entry-id-5http://www.rohomanmohammed.com/blog/files/3b650f6d3461b983d9f290aac96e3f9b-5.html#unique-entry-id-5Starting a law practice requires having a website.

Apart from giving clients your contact information and a bit of information about the services you provide, a website can also include a plethora of resources to help people resolve their legal problems or recognize the need for a lawyer. Although word-of-mouth is still the greatest source of clients for most Ontario lawyers, it goes without saying that web-marketing is also an important way to attract new clients. A website is really only one piece of developing a strong “web-presence”, which can also include podcasts, blogs, and facebook and twitter accounts, among other things.

I chose to create my own site rather than pay to have one made by a professional web designer. It isn’t as difficult as one might think, especially with the help of a good web-editor and the willingness to set aside your free time for a few weeks/months to develop the content and design of the site. For this site, I’ve been using Rapidweaver on an Intel-based Macbook. There are still a few bugs, but having created this site from square-one means that I’m usually able to modify the design and navigation with relative ease.

Here’s a few lessons that I’ve learned while developing this site:

• Having user-friendly navigation is essential: early on, I was using another editor (iWeb), which didn’t easily allow for the creation of collapsible navigation menus. After creating more than a small handful of pages, the importance of a collapsible navigation sidebar became obvious and prompted a switch to Rapidweaver.
• Create a blog: blogging is a great way to add content to your site and share interesting information and experiences with other lawyers and readers. It’s also a good way to stay on top of developments in your practice area. When I hear about an interesting decision or concept, I add it to a growing list of items to research and blog about.
• Test your site in different browsers: in different browsers, the text and other elements of the page will show differently. Make sure you’re using web-safe fonts. Experiment with different layouts too, as a theme or layout may turn out slightly different in each browser.
• Don’t use legalese: even if some of your pages and blog-posts are intended for an audience of lawyers, using plain English will help make your site more accessible for everyone. If you need to use a technical term, include a definition. You could also include a glossary, such as this real estate law glossary.
• Avoid excessive sales pitches: if your site or blog posts are styled as information resources, it’s probably a turn-off to include things like testimonials, examples of your successful decisions and other promotional content. People are usually more likely to read and share your articles and blog posts if they include useful information on practical issues rather than blatant self-promotion.
• Use your site to differentiate your practice: although your site should not glare of self-promotion, it should be part of an overall marketing strategy that is designed to differentiate your practice from other law firms. Although how you do this is a matter of personal choice and business strategy, your website can help establish an identity and offering of services that sets you apart from other lawyers in your practice area. Easier said than done, of course.
• Optimize your site for search engines: so far, this has been the most difficult part of creating a website. Optimizing your site for search engines (known in the industry as Search Engine Optimization (SEO)), is about creating your site so that search engines, such as Google, Yahoo and others, display your site at the top of the hit list when someone searches for particular keywords (i.e. “North York employment lawyer”). SEO is difficult because search engines don’t disclose how they determine which sites show up first in a keyword search. To do so would allow unscrupulous developers to exploit the search engine’s method so that irrelevant (i.e. advertising-laden) sites appear as the top hits. Thankfully, there is a healthy community of website designers who are willing to share their thoughts and experiences about optimizing their own legitimate sites. Although I’m still a novice, learning and contributing to this community has been a particularly interesting part of my web design experience.

I’m always happy to share more about my experiences in web design and starting out as a lawyer -- if you’re a lawyer or other professional starting a practice and/or website, please feel free to contact us.


]]>allanmohammed@gmail.comLabour and Employment2010-10-12T16:33:38-04:00http://www.rohomanmohammed.com/blog/files/028b828e0732d1781976c76449dc981a-3.html#unique-entry-id-3http://www.rohomanmohammed.com/blog/files/028b828e0732d1781976c76449dc981a-3.html#unique-entry-id-3
With municipal elections coming up on October 25, 2010, employers and employees should be aware that workers are entitled to time off to vote.

On election day, polls are open from 10:00 a.m. until 8:00 p.m. The Municipal Elections Act requires that employees have at least three consecutive hours of time off from work in order to vote without any loss of pay. If an employee’s shift would not allow for three consecutive hours during the day in which to vote, the employer must allow for time off, without loss of pay.

If the employee’s shift already allows them three consecutive hours in which to vote, then the employer is not required to provide any additional time off. This means, for example, that if an employee is scheduled to work from 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m., he or she would already have three consecutive hours off to vote (from 5:00 p.m. to 8:00 p.m.) and the employer would not be required to provide any time off.

If an employee’s shift is from 10:00 a.m. to 6 p.m., however, they would only have two consecutive hours off to vote (at most), from 6:00 p.m. until 8 p.m. In these circumstances, an employer would be required to provide time off so that the employee has three consecutive hours off in which to vote.

The law allows an employer to determine when the employee is given time off. This means that the employer can allow the employee to take three hours off in the middle of the day, or can allow the employee to come in late or leave early so that he or she has three consecutive hours off. In the example above (shift from 10:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m.), it would make most sense for the employer to allow the employee to leave early (at 5:00 p.m.), since this would allow for the least time off.

To be eligible for time off to vote, an employee must be a Canadian Citizen, resident of an electoral district in Ontario, at least 18 years of age and not otherwise prohibited from voting.

For more information on the Municipal Elections Act or other election-related leave, please contact us .




]]>allanmohammed@gmail.comReal Estate2010-10-08T12:40:34-04:00http://www.rohomanmohammed.com/blog/files/9517aa4c4730942bae913eb565d8350e-2.html#unique-entry-id-2http://www.rohomanmohammed.com/blog/files/9517aa4c4730942bae913eb565d8350e-2.html#unique-entry-id-2

Why get a home inspection?

Because a trained eye can point out problems with a home that a typical homebuyer wouldn’t detect on casual observation. With this information, you can make a more informed decision and have an estimate of the required repair expenses, if you choose to purchase the property.

Even when buying a new home (newly constructed), it is still a good idea to get an inspection. Firstly, builders can and do make significant mistakes, which can be identified before the defect results in damage or injury. Secondly, a home inspector can also identify smaller problems that might otherwise go unnoticed (for example, where a builder used the wrong materials, such as the incorrect insulation grade).

Who performs a home inspection?

In Ontario, qualified home inspectors are members of the Ontario Association of Home Inspectors (OAHI) and have obtained the Registered Home Inspectors (RHI) designation. The OAHI also hears complaints and can discipline home inspectors who have breached the Association’s by-laws, Standards of Practice, Code of Ethics or Code of Conduct. The OAHI’s website allows people to search for home inspectors by name, company and region of Ontario.

What does a home inspector do?

A home inspector does an examination of a property's structure and amenities, including the heating, air conditioning, electrical, plumbing, roof, insulation, walls, ceilings, floors, doors, windows and rainwater drainage. An inspection may require an inspector to climb into the attic and tight corners of the home, as well as onto the roof. An inspection will typically not require pulling up the carpet or other flooring, or opening walls. Depending on the property, you may want to ask prospective inspectors whether they inspect for mould, termites, asbestos or the presence of harmful chemicals or environmental contamination (these may be outside of the scope of a typical inspection and may require an inspector with additional training).

The physical inspection will usually take about three hours and the inspector will produce a report outlining any defects in the property and an estimate of the cost associated with repairing it.

How much does a home inspection cost?

Typically, an inspection will cost between $200 and $400, depending on the company and the home’s age, size and amenities.

When should I get an inspection done?

It would be very costly and time-consuming for a buyer to have every prospective home inspected before they made an offer. Instead, a buyer can insist on including a condition in the Agreement of Purchase and Sale which makes a satisfactory home inspection a condition of the deal. This ensures that the buyer can make an offer on a home with the satisfaction that they will not be obliged to follow through with the deal if it turns out that the property is riddled with hidden defects.

Conclusion

When buying a new or resale home, it’s always a good idea to get a home inspection.


]]>allanmohammed@gmail.comStarting a Practice2010-09-02T14:16:21-04:00http://www.rohomanmohammed.com/blog/files/2fa6f3f27c1019d0aa581cfae570a95f-0.html#unique-entry-id-0http://www.rohomanmohammed.com/blog/files/2fa6f3f27c1019d0aa581cfae570a95f-0.html#unique-entry-id-0
Searching for office space can be a time-consuming and stressful process.

We have spent more than a two dozen hours searching office space listings (craigslist, kijiji, etc.). We have spoken to numerous brokers and property managers about available space.

If you are a lawyer or paralegal searching for office space, we offer the following reflections and advice:

1. Categorizing the Options

While these may not be industry terms, you can organize office types into the following categories:

• Business centres: typically, business centres rent out a floor or large section of office space in a tower. They offer various packages, such as answering services, shared receptionist, pay-per-use boardrooms, and actual office space on an hourly, daily, or monthly basis. We inquired at a number of business centres operated by several companies (Regus, Intelligent Offices, etc.). Although business centres can be useful for new lawyers who only require an answering service and the infrequent use of meeting spaces (virtual offices), they can lack the permanence, credibility and professionalism of a fixed business address with your name on it.
• Separate units: finding good separate units can be a challenge. If you are looking for a small unit (with one or two offices, about 500 to 1000 square feet total), your options will likely be limited to low or medium rise buildings. Larger buildings tend to rent large spaces. Also, if you are looking for something in downtown Toronto or another high-demand area (Yonge and Sheppard, Markham’s technology/business parks), the standard seems to be 3 to 5 year leases. Good separate space can be found if you are selective, but be prepared to spend more time searching. Also, if you are looking for a small separate space, it is unlikely to include a kitchenette or a washroom in the unit.
• Shared space with non-lawyers: you will likely find a number of advertisements by small firms who are renting out unused offices in their unit. It’s usually common for these ads to offer shared use of their boardrooms and other amenities. If you are contemplating sharing space with another organization, choose your company wisely. Shared space usually means you’ll be seeing, hearing and interacting with the other company’s staff pretty frequently.
• Shared space with lawyers: there seems to be a number of sole practitioners who share office space on University Ave., around Yonge and Sheppard, and in the downtown core. Typically, the arrangement will include shared reception, board rooms, kitchen facilities and a separate office. One of the advantages is that you are working in the company of other lawyers. It seems like having other lawyers to bounce ideas off of and obtain advice can be a great asset, especially for a young lawyer. Sharing space with lawyers can also mean shared expenses for CLE webcasts and potential referrals.
• Commercial lofts: loft space can add character to your practice. High ceilings, exposed brick and wood floors can seem less sterile than a typical office unit. But loft space can also mean sharing a building with residential units and a less professional atmosphere. Loft space is typically available outside of the central business district (King Street West, St. Lawrence Market, etc.)

2. Deciding on an Area

Narrowing your search to a particular area may be the first decision you make regarding office space. However, its also possible to keep your options open and view office space in a number of areas before narrowing down to a particular location.

If your practice anticipates corporate clientele, locating in a dense business district may be more accessible for your client base and may communicate the professionalism that corporate clients seek. If you expect the clientele to be individuals, a loft space or a suburban office may help you market to a particular neighbourhood or community. In either case, deciding on an area is an important decision that should be made after some research and planning.

3. Negotiating a Lease

It is imperative to be familiar with and understand fully the terms of the lease offered before signing. Obtaining advice from a commercial real estate lawyer or broker may be necessary if you are not well-versed in negotiating commercial tenancies. Ontario’s Commercial Tenancies Act governs offices leases in the province. Items to consider when negotiating a lease include:

• Ensuring that the square footage advertised is what you are actually getting
• Length of the lease period
• Type of lease: net or gross lease: will the rental rate include utilities, TMI(taxes, maintenance and insurance). Ensure that the lease is clear about who is paying for what

Inclusion of tenant-favourable clauses:

• Right of first refusal/renewal clause: a right of first refusal or of renewal of the lease term can be negotiated with the landlord
• Set rent increase provisions
• Absence of a personal guarantee (although most landlords will insist on one)

Exclusion of landlord-favourable clauses:

• Escalation clause: allows rent to increase anytime over the term of the lease
• Harsh penalties for late payments: $2.50 per day for late rent is reasonable, but $20 per day is unrealistic

4. Other Considerations

There are a huge number of considerations that you may use in selecting an office. Here are just a few:

• Commuting time
• Nearby restaurants and entertainment
• Availability of amenities
• Parking (for staff and/or client)
• After hours access
• High speed internet, phone, etc.
• Individual landlord/building manager
• Access to public transit
• Lease term
• Type of other businesses in the building
• Signing bonuses
• Structural features/architecture of building

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